Answer early modern period 1700 ad to 1899 ad 16 Ross contended that a Flexowriter -- an electrically-controlled typewriter -- connected to an MIT computer could function as a keyboard input device due to its low cost and flexibility. If a social studies teacher wanted to poll students anonymously about their opinions on a local issue, what tool might she use to gather their data? Before its decommissioning in 1952, the SSEC produced the moon position tables used in early planning of the 1969 Apollo XII moon landing. The Canadian Chalk River Nuclear Lab needed a special device to monitor a reactor. Eventually, SABRE expanded, even making airline reservations available via on-line services such as CompuServe, Genie, and America Online. Its base price was $6,500. That means if you want to get started collecting microcomputers, knowing which system to go for first can be overwhelming. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. Apollo was a leading innovator in the workstation field for more than a decade, and was acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 1989. Running on dual IBM 7090 mainframe computer systems, SABRE was inspired by IBMs earlier work on the SAGE air-defense system. Colossus reduced the time to break Lorenz messages from weeks to hours. Sun helped cement the model of a workstation having an Ethernet interface as well as high-resolution graphics and the UNIX operating system. What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when his students videoconference to exchange ideas about water pollution prevention? Stibitz stunned the group by performing calculations remotely on the CNC (located in New York City) using a Teletype terminal connected to New York over special telephone lines. Initially, Franklin won a court victory allowing them to continue cloning the machines, but in 1988, Apple won a copyright lawsuit against Franklin, forcing them to stop making Apple II clones.. High packaging density of integrated circuits and a novel Freon cooling system also contributed to its speed. The 386 chip brought with it the introduction of a 32-bit architecture, a significant improvement over the 16-bit architecture of previous microprocessors. It offered increased performance and storage capacity over the original IBM PC and sold for about $4,000. Microcomputer | Definition, Examples, Uses, & Facts | Britannica List of early microcomputers - Wikipedia Question 13. Manipulate the data according to specific rules (process) 3. The Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer is a multi-year research project conducted under the overall supervision of world-famous mathematician John von Neumann. Linux - Wikipedia Introduction of the iPhone 4 with retina display. It used 53 vacuum tubes and hundreds of germanium diodes, with a magnetic drum for memory. Joe Thompson at Whirlwind console, ca. Which kind of software is required to edit a movie from filmed video footage? Spectra systems were marketed on the basis of their compatibility with the IBM System/360 series of computer since it implemented the IBM 360 instruction set and could run most IBM software with little or no modification. The first large-scale computer communications network, SAGE connects 23 hardened computer sites in the US and Canada. Apple launches the iPhone - a combination of web browser, music player and cell phone - which could download new functionality in the form of "apps" (applications) from the online Apple store. workstations. The Nova was first to employ medium-scale integration (MSI) circuits from Fairchild Semiconductor, with subsequent models using large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits. The SSEC was one of the last of the generation of 'super calculators' to be built using electromechanical technology. Called the Model K Adder because he built it on his Kitchen table, this simple demonstration circuit provides proof of concept for applying Boolean logic to the design of computers, resulting in construction of the relay-based Model I Complex Calculator in 1939. It was widely used in DEC's workstations and servers, as well as several supercomputers like the Chinese Sunway Blue Light system, and the Swiss Gigabooster. The Micral computer series debuted their first computer in early 1973. It was built in Washington DC as a test-bed for evaluating components and systems as well as for setting computer standards. The machine was expandable, with ports for cassette storage, serial interface and rudimentary networking. A (n) _____ is a computer that controls access to the hardware and software on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. Its price was especially attractive as the computer included very useful productivity software worth about $1,500 alone. The astronauts were responsible for entering more than 10,000 commands into the AGC for each trip between Earth and the Moon. Dropout rates are higher in online courses. Which of the following is not a benefit offered by simulations? Scelbi aimed the 8H, available both in kit form and fully assembled, at scientific, electronic, and biological applications. answer choices True Fasle Question 3 30 seconds Q. Which of the following is an accepted design criterion for writing and publishing digital documents? The 1973 Wang 2200 makes it a successful computer company, too. An ecologist, for example, could sprinkle thousands of motes from the air onto a field and measure soil and air temperature, moisture, and sunlight, giving them accurate real-time data about the environment. Bill Gates and Paul Allen licensed their BASIC programming language interpreter to MITS as the main language for the Altair. [21] The first stored-program computers [ edit] Several computers could be considered the first stored-program computer, depending on the criteria. Featuring the first graphical user interface (GUI) for IBM -compatible PCs, the Windows OS soon dominated the PC market. What is the general term for software whose source code is made available for free and permits users to use, change, and improve it? What type of online learning is used the least in K-12 educational contexts? What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? high interaction between students and the teacher. By the early 1990s, Dell became one of the leading computer retailers. The TRS-80 was priced at $599.95, included a Z80 microprocessor, video display, 4 KB of memory, a built-in BASIC programming language interpreter, cassette storage, and easy-to-understand manuals that assumed no prior knowledge on the part of the user. The Apple II, one of the first commercially successful microcomputers, was debuted at the inaugural show of which annual computer industry conference? Let us call it Simon, because of its predecessor, Simple Simon Simon is so simple and so small in fact that it could be built to fill up less space than a grocery-store box; about four cubic feet.. With the success of the clone, Compaq recorded first-year sales of $111 million, the most ever by an American business in a single year. The Invention of the PC These innovations made it cheaper and easier to. H. Edward Roberts, the Florida-born former U.S. Air Force officer who headed MITS, decided to design a small, affordable computer around the Intel 8080. Gene Amdahl, father of the IBM System/360, starts his own company, Amdahl Corporation, to compete with IBM in mainframe computer systems. Its Williams-Kilburn tube memory system was later adopted by several other early computer systems around the world. The RISC microprocessor had a 32-bit integer arithmetic and logic unit (the part of the CPU that performs operations such as addition and subtraction), a 64-bit floating-point unit, and a clock rate of 33 MHz. An inspiring summer school on computing at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering stimulates construction of stored-program computers at universities and research institutions in the US, France, the UK, and Germany. In 1939, Bell Telephone Laboratories completes this calculator, designed by scientist George Stibitz. The PC era ended Wangs success, and it filed for bankruptcy in 1992. Designed by scientists and engineers at MITs Instrumentation Laboratory, the Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) is the culmination of years of work to reduce the size of the Apollo spacecraft computer from the size of seven refrigerators side-by-side to a compact unit weighing only 70 lbs. On April 7, IBM announced five models of System/360, spanning a 50-to-1 performance range. PDF DOCUMENT RESUME - ed The computer had to be rugged and fast, with advanced circuit design and reliable packaging able to withstand the forces of a missile launch. Download now! Scientific and defense applications included studies of human electrophysiology, nuclear weapon simulation, human genome mapping, and global climate change. (D) Most of those individuals and companies that could be expected to make up the potential market for the Regent microcomputer have already filled their microcomputer needs. The Altair 8800, produced by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) and invented by Ed Roberts, was originally sold as a kit. Of the following, which is one of the controversies surrounding use of word processing in schools? Computers | Timeline of Computer History | Computer History Museum The NeXT had three Motorola microprocessors and 8 MB of RAM. The PowerBook line of computers was discontinued in 2006. Promotional shot of the Compaq Deskpro 386s. Assessment instruments may have lower reliability and validity when used with non-native English speakers. The popularity of 16-bit computers, such as the Hewlett-Packard 21xx series and the Data General Nova, led the way toward word lengths that were multiples of the 8-bit byte. Apollo and its main competitor, Sun Microsystems, optimized their machines to run the computer-intensive graphics programs common in engineering and scientific applications. CHAPTER 1 questions & answers for quizzes and worksheets - Quizizz Xerox PARC physicist Gary Starkweather realizes in 1967 that exposing a copy machines light-sensitive drum to a paper original isnt the only way to create an image. Commodores Amiga 1000 is announced with a major event at New York's Lincoln Center featuring celebrities like Andy Warhol and Debbie Harry of the musical group Blondie. The Watch was received with great enthusiasm, but critics took issue with the somewhat limited battery life and high price. 1951. -The Massive Open Online Course (M O O C). The first commercially advertised US computer based on a microprocessor (the Intel 8008,) the Scelbi has 4 KB of internal memory and a cassette tape interface, as well as Teletype and oscilloscope interfaces. What do research studies tend to confirm about online learning? Harkening back to the hobbyist era of personal computing in the 1970s, Arduino begins as a project of the Interaction Design Institute, Ivrea, Italy. It interfaced with a wide number of standard laboratory instruments, allowing customers to computerize their instrument systems. !" "The only app I use when I need to get down to business." Its price was $2,500. Each Cray-1 took a full year to assemble and test and cost about $10 million. Their first product, the HP 200A Audio Oscillator, rapidly became a popular piece of test equipment for engineers. Microsoft founded - HISTORY The TRS-80 proved popular with schools, as well as for home use. Operator at Complex Number Calculator (CNC). It also included more memory and accommodated high-density 1.2-megabyte 5 1/4-inch floppy disks. One major advance in programming was Wilkes' use of a library of short programs, called subroutines, stored on punched paper tapes and used for performing common repetitive calculations within a lager program. EE3463 Test 1 Written S15.docx - Name_Banner ID_ Page 1 of The trio soon attracted UC Berkeley UNIX guru Bill Joy, who led software development. Microsoft MS-DOS early source code - CHM The mill is still in use today as an office park (Clock Tower Place) today. SSEC goes on display IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) Term. What can both teachers and students create to make a visual record their skill development over time? Kilburn (left) and Williams in front of 'Baby'. Palm could be connected to a PC or Mac using a serial port to synchronize sync both computer and Palm. Instead of simply copying the basic input output system (BIOS) of the Apple II as Franklin Computer had done, they reversed engineered the system and sold it for US $479, a much lower price than the comparable Apple II.