Chapter 6 Mental Health Care for Hispanic Americans Animal-based medicines are also used, including snake oil, which is obtained from the fat of snake skins, and bufo toad medicine, which contains a powerful psychedelic. They are written by health care providers and others who work with the relevant Latino sub-community. Some states have extremely large Latino populations; for instance, as of 2006, 36 percent of Californians (13.2 million people) identified themselves as Hispanic or Latino, as did 36 percent of Texans (8.6 million people). ", In 2007, the total U.S. Hispanic or Latino population surpassed 45 million, or 15 percent of the total U.S. population. These include simpata (kindness), personalismo (friendliness), and respeto (respect).25 Simpata emphasizes politeness and conflict avoidance. Intense but brief release of emotion thought to be caused by family conflict or anger, No immediate treatment other than calming the patient, Childhood condition characterized by irritability and diarrhea thought to be caused by abrupt withdrawal from the mother's breast, Holding the child upside down or applying gentle pressure to the hard palate, Constipation, cramps, or vomiting thought to be caused by overeating, Abdominal massage and herbal purgative teas; an egg passed over the abdomen supposedly sticks to the affected area, Steam inhalation and herbal treatments, including eucalyptus and mullein (gordolobo), Pelvic congestion and decreased libido thought to be caused by insufficient rest after childbirth, Cold air that is thought to cause respiratory infections and earaches, Steam baths, hot compresses, stimulating herbal teas, A hex cast on children, sometimes unconsciously, that is thought to be caused by the admiring gaze of someone more powerful, The hex can be broken if the person responsible for the hex touches the child, or if a healer passes an egg over the child's body; the egg is then broken into a bowl of water and placed under the child's bed; child may wear charms for protection, Unnatural illness that is not easily explained, Temporary paralysis of the face or limbs, often thought to be caused by a sudden hot-cold imbalance, Posttraumatic illness (e.g., shock, insomnia, depression, anxiety), Barrida ritual purification ceremony (herbs used to sweep patient's body) repeated until the patient improves, Eaten to alleviate hypertension and prevent arteriosclerosis; garlic juice is applied to stings and spider bites, Anticoagulant effect at high doses; avoid high doses in patients taking coumadin (Warfarin); high doses can cause heartburn and bad breath; reduces effectiveness of saquinavir (Invirase), Boiled flowers are used externally on bruises, For topical and homeopathic use only; avoid internal use (except for homeopathic preparations, which are considered safe); increased gastroenteritis and dyspnea risk with ingestion, Hepatotoxicity risk from pyrrolizidine alkaloids (in leaves) with high or prolonged doses, Spice used as antispasmodic and for upper respiratory infections; although promoted as a hypoglycemic agent, recent research is conflicting, Use with caution in patients taking hepatotoxic drugs; safe in usual food quantities, Cilantro (cilantro [leaf] or coriander [seed]), Tea used for anxiety, stomach cramps, and inflamed gums; more recently popularized for increasing the urinary excretion of heavy metals, No safety concerns, although there have been recalls because of salmonella and pesticide contamination, Oil used topically for toothache and bad breath, Eugenol in clove oil may affect blood clotting; toxic if ingested, especially in children, Tea or syrup used as an expectorant, a diuretic, and for constipation, liver problems, and gall stones; also used to induce menstruation, High doses may cause vomiting; avoid in pregnancy; no known interactions, Leaf tea used for anxiety and lethargy, most popular as an aphrodisiac, Theoretical concern of cyanogenic glycoside toxicity with higher doses, Tea used for intestinal parasites; herb is added to beans to prevent flatulence, Chenopodium oil is also used as an antihelmintic but may be toxic (ascaridole content), Tea used for upset stomach and menstrual cramps, and to prevent diarrhea, Long-term ingestion causes absinthism (trembling, vertigo, thirst, delirium); thujone in the essential oil is neurotoxic and may cause seizures, Boiled leaves used for asthma in vaporizers; popular in lozenges for sore throat; also sometimes used as topical disinfectant, Ingesting eucalyptus oil may cause vomiting, diarrhea, delirium, and convulsions; avoid using in vaporizers for children younger than six years, Tea used to treat cough and sore throat; one study reports use for otitis, No known safety concerns (insufficient data) or drug interactions, High doses may cause anticoagulant effects and excess gas or bloating, Fruit juice used for fever, upper respiratory infection (classic cooling herb), and hypertension, Weed leaf used externally for burns, bruises, mouth sores, and hemorrhoids; tea taken orally for respiratory infections, Eaten as part of diet; has antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and laxative properties; also used as hangover treatment and for hyperlipidemia, May inhibit drug absorption; excess consumption may cause diarrhea and nausea, Leaf tea used to treat cough, indigestion, and, Safe in small quantities in food, but contains monoterpene ketones, which can cause toxicity (intestinal irritation, kidney damage, abortion, seizures), Toxic herb used to induce menstruation and abort fetuses, Toxic; avoid oral use; may cause renal and hepatic damage; furocoumarins can cause skin photosensitivity, Tea from dried flowers used to relieve cough, Yerba buena (mints, including spearmint and, Mint tea relieves upset stomach and headaches, Safe in usual quantities, but spearmint oil is a mucous membrane irritant and potentially toxic when ingested, Topical use for burns; occasionally ingested, Safe for topical use; juice is relatively safe; ingestion of aloe resin (a purgative) may cause diarrhea, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, and prolonged bleeding; potential interactions with hypoglycemics and cardiac glycosides, Safe as a food seasoning, toxic alveolitis reported from inhaling lemongrass oil, A Physician's Practical Guide to Culturally Competent Care, Hispanic Center of Excellence (Baylor College of Medicine and University of Texas-Pan American), Language Line Services (interpreter services), Office of Minority Health: Cultural Competency, Office of Minority Health: National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS), Oregon Health & Science University: Spanish education handouts for clinicians, Tool for Assessing Cultural Competence Training (TACCT) Resource Guide, Transcultural Nursing: Diversity in Health and Illness, University of Washington Medical Center: Culture Clues tip sheets. Compared to White people, Hispanic/Latino people are less likely to receive treatment for depression, anxiety, and other behavioral problems. Caring for Latino Patients | AAFP Moreover, the family itself can play an enormously important role in supporting and empowering the patient within the medical setting. 2 Although the new guidelines comprehensively address how to define, measure, and treat high blood pressure . Karen Peterson-Iyer is a program specialist in health care ethics at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics. For instance, Latinos highly value family. During Maria's next visit, you arrange for a telephone interpreter, which enables you to take a brief social history. Cultural Barriers to Mental Health Treatment Among Hispanics/Latino(a)s SAMHSA's mission is to lead public health and service delivery efforts that promote mental health, prevent substance misuse, and provide treatments and supports to foster recovery while ensuring equitable access and better outcomes. needs and experience of less acculturated Latino clients who are mostly from Mexico and Central America, and represent a large segment of the Latino community in Southern California. Latinos are far more likely than the overall population to live in poverty; the poverty rate in 2006 was 20.8 percent, compared to 12.3 percent for the overall U.S. population. Herbs often have hot or cold properties; hot herbs are used to treat cold conditions, and vice versa. Hispanic people are the youngest population, with 33% below age 18, and 57% below age 34 (Figure 4). al., "Racial and Ethnic Disparities in U.S. Health Care: A Chartbook" (The Commonwealth Fund, March 2008), Charts 6-25 and 6-26; and Joseph R. Betancourt, Alexander R. Green, and J. Emilio Carrillo, "The Challenges of Cross-Cultural Healthcare-Diversity, Ethics, and the Medical Encounter," Bioethics Forum 16 (3). Herbal therapies play a major role in Latino folk medicine, so knowing the Spanish names of common herbs can be helpful (eTable A). Delgado Melvin Activities and Hispanic Groups Issues and Suggestions Social from FIL. National Prevention Week 2020 is about Our Lives. In one survey of Mexican American nurses, family support was identified as one of the most important areas to which health care providers should attend while caring for Latino patients. Recent immigration trends have contributed heavily to the increases in the U.S. Latino population. The same is also applies to the substance abuse treatment. She agrees to start taking medications, but does not refill her prescriptions or lose weight. Such patient activation or motivation for change is more challenging in foreign-born Latinos, but may be achieved through active dialogue and discussion.32 Hopeful involvement in the care plan should replace fatalism or resignation. Methods: Data from the National Mental Health Services Survey conducted in 2014 (N=13,015 facilities) and 2019 (N=12,345 facilities) were used to measure changes in the proportions of facilities that offered treatment in Spanish overall and by year, state, and proportion of Hispanic residents. Mexico's rate of C-sections is 30 percent above the rate recommended by the World Health Organization. For instance, Latino mothers may determine when medical care is warranted for a family member, though a male head of household may formally make the decision to send the family member to a medical center.16. About 23 percent of Latinos in the United States live in poverty.2. Similarly, in a national epidemiological survey of Latino households in the U.S., of those who reported awareness of a problem with at least one symptoms (overweight, binge eating, or weight control), only one fifth to one third of Latinos in this sample reported ever receiving treatment for an eating disorder (Alegria et al., 2007). Cold linseed tea and hibiscus flower tea for diabetes. You call the dietitian to alert him to this patient's cultural concerns. Addiction Demographics: Substance Use in the US | Recovery.org 4 Another. Guide to Statistics and Methods; Guidelines; Hair Disorders; Health Care Delivery Models; . The extra time necessary for this technique is justified by the prospect of much better understanding and adherence.31. Partner with other Coach Managers to build relationships, share learnings and provide consistency for all of our . In some studies, the rate of non-adherence ranges between 31% and 44% among Latinos (Lanouette et al., 2009). These numbers include Mexican-Americans, Puerto Ricans, Central and South Americans, Cubans, and many other communities although, throughout California, the vast majority of Latinos identify themselves as of Mexican background. Contact USA.gov. Developing cultural sensitivity to Latino patients entails recognizing and appreciating their diversity. Delgado melvin activities and hispanic groups issues SAMHSA Blog. If successful, the intervention could be adapted to other racial or ethnic minorities, such as Hispanic Americans. Related letter: Chagas Disease Is a Consideration in Latino Patients. Linden tea and lemon grass tea for nerves (anxiety). A large selection of herbal teas are available from botanicas or yerberas in most Latino neighborhoods. Importantly, many Latinos themselves prefer the latter term, since it avoids reference to the more recent European colonial powers (from "Hispania," or the Iberian Peninsula) that laid claim to Latin America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. As with any patient, Latinos should be treated as individuals first, while exploring possible cultural distinctions. Asian or Hispanic ancestry. Physicians must be sensitive to Latino cultural values of simpatia (kindness), personalismo (relationship), respeto (respect), and modestia (modesty). 16"Communicating with Your Latino Patient," University of Washington Medical Center, 2007; accessed at https://depts.washington.edu/pfes/PDFs/LatinoCultureClue.pdf.
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